Privilege-Escalation

Overview Windows Server 2022 (build 10.0.20348). Stack: Apache XAMPP + PHP 8.1. Stage Technique Result Recon nmap: 22 (SSH), 80 (HTTP), 3389 (RDP) Windows, a video upload form Foothold .wax/.asx playlist leaks Net-NTLMv2 via Responder hash for MEDIA\enox Crack hashcat -m 5600 + rockyou enox:1234virus@ Access SSH (WinRM/5985 is closed) shell as enox Lateral NTFS junction from Uploads\<md5> to C:\xampp\htdocs write a webshell as Apache Shell webshell + reverse shell nt authority\local service PrivEsc FullPowers (recover SeImpersonate) then GodPotato nt authority\system Two official paths to SYSTEM: ...

Overview Voleur is a medium-difficulty Windows machine built around an Active Directory environment with NTLM authentication fully disabled. The challenge begins as an assumed breach, with low-privileged credentials for ryan.naylor provided as the starting point. The full attack chain covers: Kerberos setup and SMB enumeration leading to a password-protected Excel file whose cracked contents expose service account credentials; BloodHound-driven discovery of a WriteSPN misconfiguration enabling targeted Kerberoasting against svc_winrm; Active Directory Recycle Bin abuse to restore a deleted user; offline DPAPI credential decryption to recover a higher-privileged account; and finally, pivoting through a Windows Subsystem for Linux instance to extract backup copies of ntds.dit, SYSTEM, and SECURITY - yielding the Administrator NT hash and full domain compromise. ...

Overview Machine author: xct. Windows Server Domain Controller. Domain: cicada.vl. Host: DC-JPQ225. Kill chain: a password on a sticky note in an image from an open NFS share, Kerberos authentication (NTLM disabled), ADCS vulnerable to ESC8, a Kerberos relay (bypassing the self-relay block) plus PetitPotam coercion, a certificate as the DC machine account, DCSync, the Administrator hash, a shell. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 [NFS 2049] share /profiles (everyone) | exfil vacation.png + marketing.png v [OSINT/image] password on a sticky note: Rosie.Powell : Cicada123 | auth ONLY via Kerberos (NTLM disabled) v [ADCS] certipy find -> CA vulnerable to ESC8 (Web Enrollment over HTTP) | NTLM self-relay blocked + NTLM disabled -> need a Kerberos relay v [DNS + coercion] bloodyAD: a DNS record with a serialized empty CREDENTIAL_TARGET_INFORMATION | PetitPotam forces the DC to auth to us v [certipy relay] Kerberos relay -> /certsrv/certfnsh.asp -> cert for DC-JPQ225$ v [certipy auth] PKINIT -> TGT + machine-account NT hash v [secretsdump] DCSync -> Administrator hash v [wmiexec] shell as cicada\administrator -> user.txt + root.txt The key lesson: how to perform ESC8 in an environment where NTLM is fully disabled, so the classic NTLM relay does not work. The solution is a Kerberos relay using a crafted DNS record containing a serialized (empty) CREDENTIAL_TARGET_INFORMATION structure, which bypasses the self-relay restriction. ...

Overview Windows Server Domain Controller. Domain: tombwatcher.htb. DC: DC01.tombwatcher.htb (10.10.10.x). A chain of AD ACL/ACE abuses ending in ADCS ESC15 (CVE-2024-49019). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 henry (starting credentials) | WriteSPN v alfred -- targeted Kerberoast -> hashcat -> password "basketball" | AddSelf v INFRASTRUCTURE -- group with ReadGMSAPassword | ReadGMSAPassword v ansible_dev$ -- gMSA, read msDS-ManagedPassword -> NTLM hash | ForceChangePassword v sam -- password reset | WriteOwner -> set owner -> add GenericAll -> reset password v john -- member of Remote Management Users -> WinRM -> user flag | GenericAll over OU=ADCS v === ADCS / ESC15 === 1. Certipy find -> the WebServer template has an orphaned SID in Enrollment Rights 2. AD Recycle Bin -> 3x cert_admin; SID ...-1111 = GUID 938182c3... 3. Restore-ADObject -> cert_admin returns to OU=ADCS and regains the template right 4. dacledit (inheritance) -> john gets FullControl over cert_admin -> password reset 5. ESC15: request with an injected "Enrollment Agent" Application Policy 6. request on-behalf-of Administrator -> administrator.pfx 7. certipy auth -> Administrator NT hash -> PtH -> root flag Each step is one ACE/permission in AD that lets you take over the next object. The final stage combines AD Recycle Bin with an ADCS misconfiguration. ...

Overview Chamilo LMS 1.11.24, Ubuntu 22.04. Release: 2024-07-06. Retire: 2024-11-02. IP: 10.10.10.x. Chain: unauthenticated file upload to RCE (CVE-2023-4220), a reused Chamilo database password for the mtz system account, then a symlink-following sudo ACL script for root. Reconnaissance Port scan 1 2 nmap -p- --min-rate 10000 10.10.10.x nmap -p 22,80 -sCV 10.10.10.x Open ports: 22/tcp: OpenSSH 8.9p1 (Ubuntu 22.04 jammy) 80/tcp: Apache 2.4.52, redirects to http://permx.htb Subdomain fuzzing The server routes HTTP requests by the Host header, so fuzz subdomains: ...

Overview Snoopy is a Hard-rated Linux box that chains together a long list of misconfigurations and freshly-disclosed CVEs. The path starts with a ../ filter bypass in a file-download endpoint, which is enough to read the BIND9 configuration and leak the TSIG key protecting the DNS zone. With that key we take control of mail.snoopy.htb, redirect Mattermost password-reset mail to a controlled SMTP sink, and take over an account. Inside Mattermost, a custom /server_provision slash command can be pointed at an attacker-controlled host, so we catch cbrown’s SSH credentials with a honeypot. From cbrown we abuse a regex-restricted sudo git apply rule (CVE-2023-23946) with a symlink patch to write into sbrown’s home. Finally, sbrown can run clamscan --debug as root, and CVE-2023-20052 - an XXE in ClamAV’s DMG parser - leaks root’s SSH private key straight into the debug output. ...

Overview Machine author: Tr1s0n. IP: 10.10.10.x. Chain: forum token, escalation to admin, XXE (file / source read), Redis (session replacement), access to developers., LFI + PHP filter chain (RCE as www-data), PHP-FPM / FastCGI (pivot to victor), prototype pollution in a Node.js API (RCE as root). Reconnaissance 1 nmap -sV -sC -p- 10.10.10.x Open: 22 (SSH), 80 (HTTP). Redis (6379) is local only / password protected. 1 10.10.10.x collect.htb developers.collect.htb The vhost developers.collect.htb is protected by Basic Auth. ...

Overview Ubuntu 20.04. IP: 10.10.10.x. Topics: SSTI (Spring Boot), log poisoning, path traversal, XXE, source code review. Chain: SSTI in the search box, shell as woodenk, credentials in the source, SSH, analysis of a root cron job (a Java jar), a four-vulnerability chain (log poisoning + path traversal + metadata-driven path injection + XXE), the root SSH key, root. Reconnaissance 1 2 ports=$(nmap -p- --min-rate=1000 -T4 10.10.10.x | grep '^[0-9]' | cut -d '/' -f 1 | tr '\n' ',' | sed s/,$//) nmap -p$ports -sV 10.10.10.x 22/tcp: OpenSSH 8.2p1 (Ubuntu) 8080/tcp: HTTP (http-proxy) HTTP (port 8080): ...

Overview StreamIO is a Windows Active Directory box (domain streamIO.htb, hostname DC) running IIS + PHP with MSSQL as the backend database. The foothold chains a UNION-based SQL injection on a streaming subdomain into credential recovery, a hidden debug parameter that exposes a local file include, and finally a remote file include that reaches a raw eval() for code execution. From there the path is pure credential reuse and Active Directory ACL abuse: database credentials pulled from the web root unlock a backup database with fresh hashes, saved Firefox logins hand over a domain user, and a WriteOwner/Owns edge over a group with ReadLAPSPassword lets us read the LAPS-managed local administrator password and log in as administrator. ...

Overview Altered is a Hard-rated Linux machine built for a UHC (Ultimate Hacking Championship) event. Machine author: ghost-2. Operating system: Ubuntu 20.04 Focal. IP: 10.10.10.x. A Laravel staff dashboard leaks valid usernames through its login errors. The password reset issues a four-digit PIN and throttles by client IP, but the app trusts X-Forwarded-For from any client, so pairing every PIN guess with a fresh spoofed IP defeats the limiter and recovers the PIN. An authenticated API endpoint guards its records with an MD5-looking secret compared using PHP’s loose ==, so sending the secret as the boolean true bypasses the check - and because the id field also accepts a string, it opens a UNION-based SQL injection. The database account holds FILE, so INTO OUTFILE writes a PHP webshell into the web root for a shell as www-data. The kernel is 5.16.0 from January 2022, vulnerable to Dirty Pipe (CVE-2022-0847); a SUID binary overwrite (or an /etc/passwd edit past a pam_wordle gimmick) gives root. ...